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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Newborn screening for hearing and sight, Cameroon.

Gaelle Vofo¹, Brice Vofo¹, Winnie Anoumedem¹

¹Shomea, Marché Mfoundi, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

|June 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A combined hearing and eye screening for newborns in Cameroon, conducted by auxiliary staff at immunization clinics, proved effective. This approach offers broad coverage and efficient resource utilization for early detection of vision and hearing impairments.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Pediatric Medicine
Screening Programs

Background:

Newborn screening is crucial for early detection of sensory impairments.
Immunization clinics provide a valuable platform for reaching a large number of newborns.
Cameroon faces challenges in accessing specialized healthcare for newborns.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a combined hearing and eye screening model for newborns in Cameroon.
To assess the feasibility of using trained auxiliary staff for newborn screening.
To determine the effectiveness of screening conducted at immunization clinics.

Main Methods:

A screening project involving 1807 newborns between November 2021 and February 2024.
Utilized otoacoustic emission testing for hearing and fundal reflex tests for eyes.
Compared the performance (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values) of trained auxiliary staff versus specialists.

Main Results:

Trained auxiliary staff demonstrated 82% sensitivity and 99% specificity for hearing screening.
For eye screening, auxiliary staff achieved 67% sensitivity and 99% specificity.
The combined model showed high positive and negative predictive values for both hearing and eye screening.

Conclusions:

Combined screening by trained auxiliary staff at immunization clinics is a promising strategy.
This model enables wider population coverage with efficient resource allocation.
The approach is suitable for countries with high rates of out-of-hospital births.