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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

349
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
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Patients Having Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery Exhibit Significant Acute Muscle Wasting.

Gabor Dudas1,2, Ismita Chhetri1, Martin Whyte1

  • 1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
|June 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Major cancer surgery causes significant acute muscle loss, not fully recovered by six weeks. Insulin resistance and selenium deficiency may worsen this postoperative myopenia.

Keywords:
cancer surgeryinsulin resistancemuscle lossmuscle wastingmyopeniapostoperative recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Metabolism
  • Surgical Recovery

Background:

  • Postoperative myopenia (acute muscle loss) is a significant concern after major cancer surgery.
  • It leads to prolonged recovery, increased dependency, and reduced quality of life.
  • Mechanisms and mediators of postoperative myopenia are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate acute changes in muscle size, strength, and activity post-cancer surgery.
  • Explore insulin resistance as a mediator of muscle loss.
  • Investigate selenium deficiency as a potential contributor to postoperative myopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 52 patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery.
  • Assessed rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA), handgrip strength (HGS), and inspiratory pressure.
  • Analyzed blood markers for metabolism, inflammation, insulin resistance, and selenium levels.

Main Results:

  • 50% of patients experienced significant muscle loss (median 10.2% RFCSA decrease) within a week, persisting at 6 weeks.
  • Postoperative declines in HGS and inspiratory pressure were observed.
  • Insulin resistance and selenium depletion correlated with greater muscle loss.

Conclusions:

  • Major cancer surgery causes significant acute muscle loss, with incomplete recovery by 6 weeks.
  • Insulin resistance and selenium deficiency may play a role in postoperative myopenia.
  • Further research into interventions for preventing or mitigating muscle loss is warranted.