Novel Mouth Rinse Displaying Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Properties: An in vitro Study

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease requiring effective anti-inflammatory treatments. Nano-silver and essential oils have shown potential due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Combining these agents offers a promising therapeutic approach. This study investigated the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel essential oil compound containing nanosilver using HaCaT and THP-1 human leukemia monocytic cell lines.

Neutral red uptake (NRU) assay was used to assess cytotoxicity and ELISA to evaluate the inflammatory cytokines. The test compound was compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). Cytotoxicity was determined in HaCaT and THP-1 cell lines using NRU assay. TNF-α expression was measured using ELISA, and COX-2 inhibition assay was performed.

Cytotoxicity of the test compound was nearly absent. TNF-α levels decreased in positive control (2.81 pg/ml) and test samples (1.30 pg/ml) compared to control (22.04 pg/ml). COX-2 inhibition assay revealed test compound (0-20%) and positive control (0- 100%), with 25 μM celecoxib as a standard. IC₅₀ for HaCaT cells was 0.6334% (positive control) and 0.6051% (test group). IC₅₀ using THP-1 cells was not converged for the test and 424.6% for positive control. IC-50 for COX-2 inhibition was 1.469% in the test and 8.801% in the positive control.

This study showed the possibility of novel essential oils and nano-silvercontaining compounds as a medication material in preventing gingivitis. The cytotoxicity was negligible, while the level of TNF- α was much decreased, and COX-2 activity assays indicated its efficiency in anti-inflammatory properties. The results encourage the therapeutic potential of the compound for periodontitis, and further studies are required to demonstrate therapeutic efficiency and safety.

Results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of the test compound on COX-2 activity. The potential of a novel test compound containing essential oils and nano-silver as a promising anti-inflammatory agent warrants further investigation for its therapeutic applications in periodontitis.