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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

Light-Induced Polymer Drop Splashing.

Marufa Akter Upoma¹, Huy Tran¹, Cason Rose¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|June 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Photodegradation of aqueous polymers like poly(ethylene oxide) significantly increases drop splashing. This environmental aging effect impacts agrochemical spray efficiency and runoff, highlighting the need for controlled storage conditions.

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Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Published on: March 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Fluid Dynamics
Materials Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Polymer drop impacts are crucial in industrial applications like inkjet printing and agrochemical sprays.
Environmental factors such as photodegradation affect the stability and performance of agrochemicals.
Adjuvant aging in agrochemicals can impact delivery efficiency and increase environmental runoff.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of photodegradation on the splashing behavior of aqueous polymer solutions.
To understand how simulated environmental aging influences drop dynamics relevant to agrochemical applications.

Main Methods:

Systematic photodegradation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in aqueous solutions.
Experimental analysis of drop splashing behavior at various Weber numbers.
Inclusion of dye to accelerate polymer degradation and surfactants to study their effects.

Main Results:

Photodegraded PEO solutions exhibited increased splashing compared to pristine solutions.
Splashing occurred at lower Weber numbers for degraded polymers, indicating heightened sensitivity.
Surfactants had a minimal impact on splash dynamics within the studied parameter range.

Conclusions:

Polymer degradation due to environmental factors like photodegradation directly influences drop splashing.
Increased splashing leads to a greater number of secondary droplets, affecting application efficiency and environmental impact.
Controlling storage conditions is vital to maintain the physicochemical properties of polymer solutions for intended applications.