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Multi-user interactive neonatal resuscitation program using hand tracking in immersive virtual reality: A
1College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon Medical Campus, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea.
Background:
Traditional training methods, including lecture-based formats and single-user virtual reality (VR) systems, cannot fully replicate the complexities of team-based emergency care. This study addresses these limitations by utilizing a multi-user VR system with real-time communication and collaboration.
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-user interactive neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) utilizing hand-tracking technology in immersive VR and to compare its effectiveness and usability with that of a conventional controller-based single-user VR program.
Design:
A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design was used.
Settings:
The study was conducted in a VR-based training environment for neonatal resuscitation.
Participants:
Participants were divided into three groups: multi-user (MG, n = 34), single-user (SG, n = 27), and control (CG, n = 28).
Methods:
The multi-user group used hand-tracking-based immersive VR NRP, the single-user group used controller-based VR NRP, and the control group attended an online lecture. Data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Scheffé tests.
Results:
Neonatal resuscitation knowledge (F(2) = 3.01, p = 0.045) and neonatal resuscitation performance confidence (F(2) = 2.87, p = 0.042) were higher in the multi-user group than in the other groups. Satisfaction (F(2) = 3.89, p = 0.024) was higher in the multi-user and single-user groups. Team communication performance (F(2) = 3.21, p = 0.045) and system usability (F(2) = 3.21, p = 0.045) were higher in the multi-user group than in the control group.
Conclusions:
Both multi-user and single-user VR training improved learning outcomes, with multi-user environments showing greater improvement in team coordination. Hand tracking was easier to use than controllers, suggesting its potential for enhancing medical education in high-stress scenarios such as neonatal resuscitation.
