Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

The bulk modulus is a scientific term used to describe a material's resistance to uniform compression. It is the proportionality constant that links a change in pressure to the resulting relative volume change.

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...

Maximum Power Transfer

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026

Same author

Low-temperature plasma catalysis for VOCs control: Mechanistic insights and hybrid strategies.

Environmental research·2026

Same author

Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Protein Tyrosine Kinase-7 Mediated β-Catenin Signaling.

Phytotherapy research : PTR·2026

Same author

FAIMS-IMS-QTOF MS Combined with TSPSO Deconvolution Algorithm for Effectively Probing Protein Conformation Changes Induced by Dipole Locking in FAIMS.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same author

Multiple source enrichment model of organic matter in fifth member of Xujiahe Formation of Upper Triassic, northeastern Sichuan Basin.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Size-Matching-Driven SF<sub>6</sub> Capture Via Isoreticular Pore Contraction in a Microporous MOF.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same journal

Long-term stabilization of intensity-difference squeezing from four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Robust 3D topography measurement of large-range high-aspect-ratio structures based on dual-domain statistical filtering in SD-OCT.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Broadband transmissive terahertz metasurface for simultaneous quad-mode OAM multiplexing.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Leveraging two-dimensional materials for high-sensitivity optical sensors: quasi-bound states in the continuum within hybrid metasurfaces.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Resolution investigation for dual-spherical-wave optical scanning holographic microscopy: methods and performance.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Robustness of parallel subnetwork-filtered diffractive deep neural networks.

Optics express·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Amplitude-boosting attack against practical discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution.

Mingze Wu, Yiming Bian, Junhui Li

|June 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) faces security risks from amplitude-boosting attacks. These attacks can overestimate key rates, creating vulnerabilities potentially worse than those in Gaussian-modulated CV-QKD systems.

More Related Videos

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Cybersecurity
Optical Communication Systems

Background:

Discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) offers practical advantages for secure communication.
Its security analysis differs from Gaussian-modulated protocols, necessitating specific vulnerability assessments.
Compatibility with existing optical infrastructure is a key deployment benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the amplitude-boosting attack on discrete-modulated CV-QKD systems.
To assess the impact of this attack on system performance and security.
To identify and propose countermeasures for practical CV-QKD security enhancement.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of the amplitude-boosting attack mechanism.
Simulation of discrete-modulated CV-QKD system performance under attack.
Comparative security assessment against Gaussian-modulated protocols.

Main Results:

The amplitude-boosting attack leads to an overestimation of the secret key rate for legitimate users (Alice and Bob).
This overestimation creates a significant security loophole in discrete-modulated CV-QKD systems.
The vulnerability introduced by this attack is potentially more severe than in Gaussian-modulated systems.

Conclusions:

Discrete-modulated CV-QKD systems are susceptible to amplitude-boosting attacks.
Effective countermeasures are crucial for ensuring the practical security of these systems.
Further research is needed to fully mitigate identified vulnerabilities and enhance robust deployment.