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Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
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FMCW laser ranging system based on equal-frequency resampling with direct injection current modulaton.

Zhiyuan Gong, Xuanke Tong, Chuanxin Teng

    Optics Express
    |June 14, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel laser ranging system using modulation signal resampling to overcome nonlinearities in Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) lidar. The method enhances distance resolution and accuracy by eliminating erroneous data points.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Optical Sensing
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) lidar systems often suffer from nonlinearities in laser frequency modulation.
    • These nonlinearities, including relaxation-oscillation effects and mode hopping, introduce errors in distance measurements.
    • Existing methods for correcting these errors can be complex or lead to loss of data points.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a laser ranging system that effectively addresses the nonlinearity inherent in FMCW lidar.
    • To improve the accuracy and resolution of distance measurements in FMCW lidar systems.
    • To present a robust method for eliminating erroneous sampling points caused by laser imperfections.

    Main Methods:

    • A 1550 nm Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser was used as the frequency-modulated light source, with direct injection current modulation.
    • An equal-frequency resampling method was employed, involving data acquisition, analysis, and processing to identify and remove erroneous sampling points.
    • An algorithm for dividing the sampling area was developed to retain maximum correct sampling points, improving upon manual division.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method successfully eliminates nonlinear errors caused by laser frequency noise, mode hopping, and sweep reversal points.
    • The system achieved a distance resolution of approximately 6.8 mm for a 10 m free-space optical range.
    • A standard deviation (STD) of 0.19 mm was recorded for a 1 m free-space optical range measurement.

    Conclusions:

    • The modulation signal resampling technique effectively compensates for nonlinearities in FMCW lidar systems.
    • The developed algorithm significantly enhances distance resolution and repeatability accuracy compared to prior art.
    • This approach offers a more robust and precise solution for optical ranging applications.