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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

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Assessing nonpoint-source uranium pollution in an irrigated stream-aquifer system.

Ibraheem A Qurban1, Timothy K Gates2, Eric D Morway3

  • 1Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The Science of the Total Environment
|June 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Uranium pollution in arid regions is a growing concern. A new model shows irrigation mobilizes uranium, exceeding safe levels in 44% of the Lower Arkansas River Valley, necessitating management strategies.

Keywords:
Calibrated stream-aquifer modelGroundwater reactive transportIrrigation non-point sourceIterative ensemble smootherStream reactive transportUranium field dataUranium pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Uranium (U) in arid/semi-arid environments is mobilized by irrigation and fertilization, creating environmental and health risks.
  • Elevated U, selenium (Se), and nitrate (NO3) require careful monitoring and management in water systems.
  • Irrigated stream-aquifer systems are particularly vulnerable to contaminant transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a numerical model assessing uranium pollution in an irrigated stream-aquifer system.
  • To quantify uranium levels and identify contributing factors in Colorado's Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV).
  • To establish a baseline for evaluating best management practices (BMPs) for uranium mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a distributed-parameter numerical model coupling MODFLOW (groundwater/stream flow) and RT3D-OTIS (reactive U transport).
  • Applied the model to a 552 km² region in the LARV over 14 years.
  • Calibrated the model using PESTPP-iES iterative ensemble smoother (iES) software against observed U concentrations.

Main Results:

  • The model revealed substantial and variable U levels across the LARV, with hotspots linked to geology and irrigation.
  • Uranium concentrations exceeded the US EPA chronic standard (30 μg/L) in groundwater across 44% of the region and along the river (average factor of 2.9).
  • Simulated average U concentrations were 124 μg/L (aquifer) and 60 μg/L (river), closely matching measured values (112 μg/L and 62 μg/L). Average 85th percentile U concentrations were 222 μg/L (aquifer) and 82 μg/L (river).

Conclusions:

  • The developed model accurately simulates uranium transport in the LARV, providing crucial insights into pollution dynamics.
  • Findings highlight significant uranium contamination exceeding regulatory standards, driven by irrigation and local geological conditions.
  • The methodology offers a transferable tool for assessing and managing uranium pollution in other irrigated regions globally.