Surface plasmon resonance biosensor chips: Fabrications and pharmaceutical applications.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Biotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors are crucial for label-free, real-time biomolecular interaction analysis in pharmaceutical research.
• Existing reviews lack systematic comparisons of different SPR chip designs and their performance metrics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in SPR biosensor technology for pharmaceutical applications.
• To systematically compare various SPR chip designs, immobilization chemistries, and nanomaterial integrations.
• To highlight emerging techniques and future trends in SPR biosensing.

Main Methods:

• Systematic comparison of SPR chip designs including self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), carboxymethylated dextran (CMD), and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA).
• Critical examination of recent literature on novel surface modification strategies and nanomaterial integration.
• Discussion of complementary techniques (electrochemistry, mass spectrometry) and future trends (AI, in vivo sensing).

Main Results:

• Emerging techniques like multifunctional biochips and zwitterionic coatings demonstrate superior performance over traditional CMD-based systems in complex biological matrices.
• Novel surface modifications and nanomaterial integration enhance SPR biosensor sensitivity, specificity, and reusability.
• Integration with other techniques deepens analytical capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Advanced SPR biosensor designs and surface modifications are essential for overcoming limitations in complex biological samples.
• Future developments in AI-assisted analysis and in vivo sensing promise to revolutionize pharmaceutical research.
• This review bridges technological gaps, guiding the development of next-generation SPR biosensors for drug discovery.