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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Low-stakes tests often show varying effort levels among test-takers.
  • Understanding individual differences in capability and persistence is crucial for accurate assessment.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the dynamics of disengagement during testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose novel latent trait models for analyzing responses and response times in low-stakes testing.
  • To incorporate individual differences in capability and persistence into measurement models.
  • To model the interplay between solution processes and disengagement using the linear ballistic accumulator model.

Main Methods:

  • Developed latent trait models integrating response and response time data.
  • Modeled solution and disengagement processes using the linear ballistic accumulator model.
  • Introduced model variants accounting for no guessing, random guessing, and informed guessing.

Main Results:

  • Simulation studies indicated good recovery of parameter values and latent traits under specific conditions.
  • Model variants demonstrated flexibility in handling different guessing strategies.
  • Empirical data analysis validated the application of the proposed models.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed latent trait models offer a robust framework for analyzing behavior on low-stakes tests.
  • These models provide insights into the complex interplay of capability, persistence, and response strategies.
  • The findings have implications for improving the accuracy and interpretation of educational assessments.