A comprehensive review of dental bone regeneration

This review provides an in-depth analysis of dental bone regeneration, tracing its evolution and applications. Recent advancements in dental bone regeneration have allowed the utilization of barrier membranes to direct the regeneration process, excluding undesired cell types and fostering the growth of beneficial tissues, particularly in treating periodontal and bone defects. Over the past forty years, bone regeneration has advanced significantly, effectively enhancing periodontal ligament restoration while preventing unwanted soft-tissue growth. It is widely applied in periodontal, oral, implant, and jawbone surgeries, offering benefits such as restoring functionality and aesthetics of damaged tissues. The review also explores the structure of bone, emphasizing its biphasic nature with collagen and hydroxyapatite, which are crucial for maintaining bone strength and mechanical properties. As dental diseases like periodontitis and trauma become more prevalent, bone regeneration has gained prominence. Various graft materials, synthetic biomaterials, and techniques for creating scaffold designs have been explored. Understanding these regeneration mechanisms is key to improving dental treatments, and patient outcomes, and addressing challenges in oral health care.