Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 19, 2025
08:05
A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
Published on: March 23, 2022
2.6K
Summary
Retrospective criminal law undermines legal accessibility and equality. Weak safeguards for prisoner release reform risk violating rule-of-law principles, necessitating reconsideration of case law.
Area of Science:
- Criminal Law
- Human Rights Law
- Legal Philosophy
Background:
- Retrospective criminal legislation can lead to injustices.
- The censuring function of criminal law can worsen these injustices.
- Existing safeguards for prisoner release reform are insufficient.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify injustices arising from retrospective criminal legislation.
- To analyze the impact of retrospective reforms on prisoner release.
- To evaluate the adequacy of current legal safeguards.
Main Methods:
- Legal analysis of retrospective criminalization.
- Examination of case law concerning penalties and their execution.
- Assessment of Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Main Results:
- Retrospective legislation undermines legal accessibility and equality.
- Retrospective reforms in prisoner release threaten similar values.
- Case law on 'applicable penalty' and 'penalty vs. execution' weakens safeguards.
Conclusions:
- Current case law requires fundamental reconsideration.
- Reforms are needed to uphold rule-of-law values and provide practical safeguards.
- Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights' purpose is not fully realized.
Related Concept Videos
03:20The Stanford Prison Experiment
23.8K
The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
23.8K
01:40Archival Research
16.5K
Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
16.5K
01:06Law of Effect
1.6K
B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle...
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle...
1.6K
02:20Longitudinal Research
12.5K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.5K
01:26Sources of Law
1.3K
Laws form the essential rules set by governing authorities to shape and control societal behavior. In nursing, laws guide actions, safeguard patient rights, define nurses' scope of practice, and maintain professional standards. Understanding the legal framework governing nursing involves recognizing four primary sources of law: constitutional, statutory, administrative (regulatory), and common law.
Constitutional law is foundational, deriving from federal and state constitutions, and...
Constitutional law is foundational, deriving from federal and state constitutions, and...
1.3K
01:52Regression Toward the Mean
6.5K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.5K