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Association of Homocysteine with Cardiac Markers and Inflammatory Indicators in Cardiovascular Diseases: A
Mubin Mustafa Kiyani1, Sarah Sadiq2, Muhammad Umer Iqbal3
1Shifa College of Medical Technology, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Insights
Elevated homocysteine levels are linked to inflammation in cardiac and diabetic patients, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Metabolic Disorders
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Hyperhomocysteinemia is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- It is also associated with diabetes-related complications.
- Understanding its relationship with biochemical markers is crucial for assessing cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the correlation between homocysteine and various biochemical markers.
- To elucidate the role of homocysteine in cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
- To compare homocysteine levels across healthy individuals, non-diabetic cardiac patients, and diabetic cardiac patients.
Main Methods:
- An observational cross-sectional study involving 234 participants in three groups: healthy, non-diabetic cardiac patients, and diabetic cardiac patients.
- Measurement of homocysteine, total leukocyte count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL, and LDL.
- Statistical analysis using correlation and one-way ANOVA.
Main Results:
- Homocysteine levels were significantly elevated in cardiac patients (both diabetic and non-diabetic) compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05).
- A weak positive correlation was found between homocysteine and ESR in cardiac patient groups (p < 0.05).
- Lipid profile parameters differed significantly among groups, but correlations with homocysteine were weak and not significant.
Conclusions:
- Elevated homocysteine is associated with inflammation, indicated by ESR, in cardiac and diabetic patients.
- Homocysteine shows potential as a biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
- Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic implications of homocysteine levels.
Abstract:
Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes-related complications. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between homocysteine and various biochemical markers to better understand their role in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study consisted of a total of 234 participants divided into three predefined groups: Group A (healthy individuals), Group B (nondiabetic cardiac patients), and Group C (diabetic cardiac patients). The biochemical markers, including homocysteine, total leukocyte count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), were measured. The correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical evaluation. Results: The homocysteine levels were significantly elevated in Groups B and C compared to Group A (p < 0.05). A weak positive correlation was observed between homocysteine and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in Groups B and C, with statistical significance (r = 0.36, p = 0.049; r = 0.37, p = 0.044, respectively). The lipid profile parameters differed significantly among groups, but the correlations between homocysteine and lipid markers were weak and nonsignificant. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed among the groups for all measured biochemical parameters. Conclusions: Elevated homocysteine levels, particularly in cardiac and diabetic patients, are associated with inflammation (as indicated by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate). The findings highlight the potential of homocysteine as a biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its therapeutic implications.
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