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Transient Leukemia in an Adult Dog With Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Raquel Moreira1,2, Malgorzata Ossowska3, Oriol Jornet-Rius1,4
1Batt Laboratories, Coventry, UK.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
|June 16, 2025
Summary
This case study details a rare instance of transient leukemia in a dog, likely stemming from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Comprehensive diagnostics are crucial for accurate hematologic malignancy classification.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Oncology
- Hematology
- Immunophenotyping
Background:
- Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare malignancy in dogs.
- Transient leukemia is an uncommon presentation, often posing diagnostic challenges.
Observation:
- A 5-year-old Beagle presented with non-specific signs and atypical circulating cells initially suggestive of leukemia.
- Skin cytology revealed round cell neoplasia, correlating with circulating atypical cells.
- Development of multiple cutaneous nodules and recurrence of clinical signs prompted further investigation.
Findings:
- Advanced diagnostics including flow cytometry, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR), and immunocytochemistry (ICC) confirmed neoplastic T-cell proliferation.
- The diagnosis was established as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with a probable transient leukemic phase.
- Despite chemotherapy, the patient experienced a short remission and subsequent relapse.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches for challenging hematologic malignancies.
- Accurate classification requires combining hematology, cytology, flow cytometry, and immunophenotyping.
- Highlights a rare presentation of CTCL with a transient leukemic phase, crucial for veterinary oncologists.
