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Phase Transitions in Bi/Ca Modified AgNbO3 Ceramics with Excellent Energy Storage Density and Storage Intensity
Zhongna Yan1,2, Jia He1, Haiyan Chen1
1Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
None:
Lead-free antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics based on AgNbO3 represent attractive materials for energy storage applications but are limited by their recoverable energy density (Wrec). Here Bi3+/Ca2+ A-site modification of AgNbO3 ceramics has yielded a particularly high Wrec of 4.4 J cm-3 and a superhigh recoverable energy storage intensity (ρ) of 21.46 × 10-3 J kV-1 cm-2 at 205 kV cm-1, the latter being the highest known value obtained at such a relatively low field for a lead-free ceramic. The modification shifts the dipole freezing temperature, Tf, to below room temperature, enhancing the room temperature stability of the AFE structure. The high Wrec is attributed to the enhancement of the maximum field-induced dielectric displacement and improved forward (EF) and backward (EB) fields. The work has also allowed for an examination of the poorly understood ±EU current peaks evident in current-electric field loops of AgNbO3-based ceramics, which is proposed to be related to a field-induced AFE to ferroelectric (FE) phase transition in the M1 or M2a phases and is absent in the M2b phase due to increased stability of the AFE phase. The exceptional performance of Bi3+/Ca2+ modified AgNbO3 ceramics is promising for potential use in ceramic capacitors for high pulsed power applications.
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