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Updating social knowledge via episodic memory prediction errors.

Signy Sheldon1, Juliette Dupertuys1, Daria Lisus1

  • 1Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

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|June 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social schemas guide predictions of behavior. Episodic memory, especially for unexpected negative events, significantly updates these social schemas, often leading to more positive impressions.

Keywords:
Social impressionsemotionepisodic memorymemory updatingsocial schemas

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Area of Science:

  • Social psychology
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Social schemas are essential for predicting others' behavior.
  • Discrepancies between expected and actual behavior can challenge existing schemas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how episodic memory encoding influences social schema change.
  • To determine the impact of schema-congruent and incongruent information on schema updating.

Main Methods:

  • Participants formed initial social impressions (schemas) of targets.
  • They encoded narratives depicting targets' behaviors (congruent or incongruent with schemas).
  • Likelihood ratings of target behaviors were assessed before and after encoding.

Main Results:

  • Schema updating was influenced by memory encoding strength.
  • Incongruent narratives, particularly with negative schemas, most strongly affected updating.
  • Participants showed a tendency to update schemas toward more positive impressions.

Conclusions:

  • Episodic memory plays a critical role in updating social schemas.
  • Information contradicting negative schemas leads to more significant schema change.
  • The process favors updating impressions to be more positive.