The continuous evolution of biomolecular force fields

Biomolecular force fields have continuously evolved to improve their accuracy and broaden their applications in biological and therapeutic discoveries. The rapid adaptation of advanced computational technology, in particular the recent deep learning revolution, has led to an unprecedented ability to model and simulate biomolecules, as well as new opportunities in force field parametrization. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in biomolecular force fields, covering polarizable force fields, machine learning potentials, and coarse-grained models. We highlight key advances, identify emerging challenges, and explore future directions for improving biomolecular modeling through interdisciplinary approaches.