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Additive and Laser Manufacturing for Multifunctional Electronics on High-Performance Polymers.

Joshua Vandervelde1,2, Yeowon Yoon1,2, Rifat Shahriar3

  • 1Center for Advanced Manufacturing University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 USA.

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Summary

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) offers excellent electrical, heating, and sensing properties for 3D-printed electronics. This study demonstrates low sheet resistance on high-performance polymers like PEI and PEEK, enabling versatile applications.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingsheaterslaser‐induced graphenespolyether ether ketonespolyetherimidesstrain sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a versatile material for electronic applications.
  • High-performance polymers like polyetherimide (PEI) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) are crucial in advanced manufacturing.
  • Investigating LIG on PEI and PEEK is essential for expanding its use in 3D-printed electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the properties of LIG fabricated on PEI and PEEK using a blue laser.
  • To evaluate the electrical, thermal, and sensing capabilities of LIG on these high-performance polymers.
  • To demonstrate the integration of LIG with 3D-printed structures for functional electronic components.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of LIG on pure and 3D-printed PEI and PEEK using a blue laser.
  • Characterization of LIG's electrical properties, including sheet resistance and conductivity.
  • Fabrication and testing of LIG-based heaters and strain gauges on 3D-printed specimens.

Main Results:

  • Achieved exceptionally low sheet resistances (1.02 Ω sq⁻¹) and high conductivities (45.4 S cm⁻¹) for LIG on PEI and PEEK.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of LIG heaters with wide operating ranges and excellent electrothermal properties.
  • Showcased LIG strain gauges with large gauge factors and minimal drift, highlighting their stability.

Conclusions:

  • LIG can be effectively fabricated on PEI and PEEK, yielding superior electrical properties compared to previous studies.
  • The integration of LIG with additive manufacturing offers a facile approach to create customizable electronic circuits, heaters, and sensors.
  • This research presents a promising pathway for advanced functional materials in 3D-printed applications.