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Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Concomitant CML and Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Afia Aziz1, Awni Alshurafa2, Mohammad Yassin2
1Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Case Reports in Oncology
|June 18, 2025
Summary
New or persistent lymphadenopathy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) requires investigation for opportunistic infections like tuberculosis (TB). Prompt diagnosis and treatment of concurrent TB are crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome.
- Lymphadenopathy is an uncommon presentation of CML, often attributed to the disease itself.
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in CML treatment can impact T-cell immunity, necessitating careful evaluation of new or persistent lymphadenopathy.
Observation:
- A 35-year-old male with chronic-phase CML presented with cervical lymphadenopathy initially presumed to be CML-related.
- Lymph node biopsy revealed concurrent tuberculosis (TB) infection alongside CML.
- The patient's lymphadenopathy resolved after initiating anti-tuberculous therapy.
Findings:
- This case underscores the importance of investigating lymphadenopathy in CML patients, especially those on TKIs.
- Opportunistic infections, such as TB, should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
- Concurrent TB infection can mimic or complicate CML presentation.
Implications:
- Early and accurate diagnosis of opportunistic infections in CML patients is critical.
- Prompt management of concurrent infections like TB can prevent complications and improve CML patient outcomes.
- This case emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in CML patients with lymphadenopathy.
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