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Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Atom Probe Tomography Studies on the CuIn,GaSe2 Grain Boundaries
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High pressure structural and lattice dynamics study of α-In2Se3.

Shiyu Feng1,2, Baihong Sun1,2, Wenting Lu1,2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|June 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High pressure transforms layered indium selenide (In2Se3) from its alpha phase to a monoclinic beta-prime structure around 1 GPa. This beta-prime phase remains stable up to 45 GPa before transitioning to a novel orthorhombic phase.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Layered indium selenide (In2Se3) exhibits unique electronic and optical properties.
  • Understanding its structural behavior under extreme conditions is crucial for potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural phase transitions of layered α-In2Se3 under high pressure.
  • To determine the stability ranges of different In2Se3 phases up to 60+ GPa.

Main Methods:

  • In situ synchrotron angle-dispersive powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • Raman spectroscopy.
  • Diamond anvil cell (DAC) for high-pressure generation.
  • Helium as a hydrostatic pressure-transmitting medium.

Main Results:

  • A pressure-induced phase transition from α-In2Se3 to monoclinic β'-In2Se3 at approximately 1 GPa.
  • The β'-In2Se3 phase is stable up to 45 GPa, with no evidence of transition to the previously reported β-In2Se3 phase.
  • Above 45 GPa, In2Se3 transforms into a disordered solid-solution-like orthorhombic structure (phase IV).

Conclusions:

  • The high-pressure structural evolution of In2Se3 is more complex than previously understood.
  • The discovery of the stable β'-In2Se3 phase and the novel orthorhombic phase IV provides new insights into the pressure-dependent behavior of layered chalcogenides.