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Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish

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Clarifying species identity in Aphanopus using wavelet-based otolith shape analysis.

Joana Vasconcelos^1,2, Javier Martinez¹, Airam Guerra-Marrero¹

¹Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (BIOCON), ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.

|June 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate species identification of scabbardfish is vital for fisheries management. Otolith analysis reveals stable coexistence of Aphanopus carbo and Aphanopus intermedius in the Northeast Atlantic, influenced by environmental shifts.

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Area of Science:

Ichthyology
Fisheries Science
Marine Biology

Background:

Accurate species identification is critical for effective fisheries management, especially for morphologically similar species.
Cryptic species with overlapping ranges pose challenges for traditional identification methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the coexistence and distribution of Aphanopus carbo and Aphanopus intermedius in the northeastern Atlantic over four decades.
To assess the impact of environmental changes and fishing practices on scabbardfish populations.

Main Methods:

Otolith contour analysis using a wavelet-based method for enhanced species discrimination.
Analysis of otolith samples collected from Madeira and the African coast (1990-2021).
Integration of genetically identified reference specimens to validate species identification.

Main Results:

Stable species proportions observed over four decades, with Aphanopus carbo generally dominating (55-60%).
A notable decline in Aphanopus carbo proportion was observed in 2010.
Increased presence of Aphanopus intermedius in offshore areas, potentially linked to higher salinity near Madeira during spawning.

Conclusions:

Otolith contour analysis is an effective tool for discriminating between closely related fish species.
Environmental factors (temperature, salinity) and fishery expansion influence scabbardfish distribution and population dynamics.
Findings support improved fisheries management and stock assessments for economically important scabbardfish.