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Radiopacity of Universal Flowable Composite Resins: A Comparative Evaluation.
Busra Ozdemir1, Seyit Bilal Ozdemir1
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey, Giresun, Turkey.
Microscopy Research and Technique
|June 19, 2025
Summary
This study assessed the radiopacity of universal composite resins using digital radiography. All tested materials met ISO standards, with some exceeding enamel radiopacity.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Radiology
- Biomaterials
Background:
- Radiopacity is crucial for dental composites to visualize restorations on radiographs.
- Universal composite resins offer versatile application but require evaluation for radiopacity.
- Ensuring adequate radiopacity is vital for diagnostic accuracy and clinical success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare the radiopacity of eight universal flowable composite resins and one condensable universal composite resin.
- To compare the radiopacity of these resins against natural tooth structures (enamel and dentin).
- To determine if the tested materials meet the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) radiopacity criteria.
Main Methods:
- Digital radiography was employed to assess radiopacity.
- Specimens were prepared in disc shapes (8mm diameter, 2mm thickness).
- Mean gray values (MGV) were calculated using ImageJ software, with results expressed in equivalent aluminum thickness (mm Al).
- Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized for material analysis.
- Statistical analysis involved the Shapiro-Wilk test and Welch's ANOVA (p=0.05).
Main Results:
- All universal resins demonstrated significantly higher mean gray values and mm Al than dentin.
- Filtek Z250 and Neo Spectra ST-Flow showed significantly higher radiopacity than enamel.
- Vittra Unique Flow and G-aenial Universal Injectable exhibited radiopacity comparable to enamel.
- Other composites had radiopacity values falling between enamel and dentin.
- EDS confirmed the presence of at least two radiopaque elements in the composites.
- All materials fulfilled the ISO radiopacity requirements.
Conclusions:
- All evaluated universal composite resins possess adequate radiopacity for clinical use, meeting ISO standards.
- Significant variations in radiopacity exist among different universal composite resin brands.
- Some universal resins offer radiopacity comparable to or exceeding that of enamel, enhancing diagnostic potential.
