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Hemilingual tetany ("hemilingual spasm") in a dog
K M Santifort1,2, E N Glass3
1IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
The Journal of Small Animal Practice
|June 19, 2025
Summary
This study describes hemilingual tetany, a rare canine neurological disorder causing involuntary tongue contractions. The condition in a Border collie resolved with anesthesia, suggesting a link to sedation depth.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Neurology
- Canine Medicine
Background:
- Hemilingual atrophy is the sole documented unilateral tongue muscle neurological disorder in dogs, often linked to hypoglossal nerve issues.
- Hemilingual spasm, characterized by involuntary unilateral tongue contractions, is recognized in human medicine.
Observation:
- A 5-year-old Border collie presented with right-sided hemilingual tetany, exhibiting continuous, involuntary tongue contractions and curvature.
- These clinical signs resolved during anesthetic induction, indicating a potential correlation with sedation levels.
Findings:
- Electromyography confirmed fasciculation potentials in the right tongue muscles, correlating with anesthetic depth.
- Advanced imaging, including CT and MRI, did not reveal structural abnormalities in the tongue, brain, or hypoglossal nerves.
Implications:
- This case introduces hemilingual tetany as a distinct canine neurological condition.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology and potential triggers of hemilingual tetany in dogs.
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