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Related Concept Videos

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
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Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
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The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

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Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking
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The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking

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Potential Roles of SNX17, Rab11, and Rab5 in LDLR Recycling.

Xiaofei Zhao1, Shiyin Long1, Meiqi Zhu1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.Z., S.L., M.Z., C.Z.), Hengyang Medical School, University of South China.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|June 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how Sorting Nexin 17 (SNX17) and Rab GTPases (Rab11, Rab5) regulate low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) recycling. Understanding these mechanisms offers potential therapeutic targets for managing cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscardiovascular diseasesendocytosishyperlipidemiasorting nexins

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Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation for Investigating Endocytic Recycling in Mammalian Cells
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Expression, Purification, and Liposome Binding of Budding Yeast SNX-BAR Heterodimers
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Expression, Purification, and Liposome Binding of Budding Yeast SNX-BAR Heterodimers

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

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Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation for Investigating Endocytic Recycling in Mammalian Cells
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Expression, Purification, and Liposome Binding of Budding Yeast SNX-BAR Heterodimers
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Expression, Purification, and Liposome Binding of Budding Yeast SNX-BAR Heterodimers

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cell biology
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major global health concern.
  • Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a key risk factor.
  • Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) homeostasis is crucial for cholesterol clearance but poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of SNX17, Rab11, and Rab5 in LDLR recycling.
  • To elucidate their involvement in endosomal dynamics and cholesterol metabolism.
  • To highlight their therapeutic potential for dyslipidemia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on SNX proteins and Rab GTPases.
  • Analysis of data on LDLR endocytosis and recycling pathways.
  • Synthesis of information on molecular mechanisms regulating LDLR homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • SNX17, Rab11, and Rab5 are identified as key regulators of LDLR recycling.
  • These proteins influence endosomal sorting and vesicle transport.
  • Their dysfunction impacts cholesterol metabolism and LDLR availability.

Conclusions:

  • SNX17 and specific Rab GTPases are critical for maintaining LDLR function.
  • Targeting these proteins may offer novel therapeutic strategies for dyslipidemia.
  • Further research into these pathways can advance cardiovascular disease management.