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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma
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Recent Advances in Visual Dysfunction and Ocular Biomarkers in Neurological Disorders.

Jamie Cheng1, Saba S Paracha1, Saumya Agrawal2

  • 1The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

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Summary

Ophthalmological symptoms are early indicators of neurological diseases. Retinal imaging and functional assays offer new diagnostic and monitoring tools for neurodegenerative conditions.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’sParkinson’snon-invasive ocular diagnosisretinal pathologyvisual symptom

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Visual symptoms are early signs of neurological diseases.
  • Ophthalmological symptoms are increasingly recognized in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions.
  • The retina's accessibility offers a unique window into neurological pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on visual dysfunction in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of ophthalmological symptoms for diagnosis and management.
  • To explore the potential of ocular imaging and functional assays in neurological disease assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing recent findings.
  • Analysis of non-invasive ocular imaging techniques (e.g., high-resolution retinal imaging).
  • Evaluation of non-invasive visual functional assays (e.g., electroretinography).

Main Results:

  • Retinal changes are detectable in early stages of Parkinson's disease.
  • Retinal pathologies correlate with cognitive decline in Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Joubert syndromes.
  • Ocular imaging and electroretinography can identify subcellular retinal pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal imaging holds potential for risk assessment, diagnosis, and progression monitoring of neurological diseases.
  • Further research, including preclinical models, is needed to develop novel ocular diagnostic markers.
  • Understanding brain-retina interplay is crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies for neurological conditions.