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Strontium isoscapes for provenance, mobility and migration: the way forward.

Maximilian J Spies1, Amanda Alblas2, Stanley H Ambrose3

  • 1Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Royal Society Open Science
|June 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) are valuable for tracing origins in biological materials. Creating accurate isoscapes requires careful consideration of sampling, methods, and potential errors for reliable provenance studies.

Keywords:
bioavailable 87Sr/86Srecologygeochemistrygeolocationgeostatisticsisotope mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Ecology
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) are widely used for provenance determination across various scientific fields.
  • Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr variation across landscapes is crucial for applying this tool to biological materials, often modeled as isoscapes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding and provide guidance on creating and interpreting isoscapes of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr.
  • To address key concerns and potential challenges in isoscape development and application for biological provenance.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses isoscape creation approaches: domain mapping, geostatistical contour mapping, and machine learning.
  • Highlights the importance of selecting appropriate spatial resolution for isoscapes based on research questions.
  • Considers the suitability of different sample materials (plants, fauna, soil leachates) and analytical challenges.

Main Results:

  • Interpreting biological 87Sr/86Sr requires understanding strontium metabolism and tissue formation timing, which are often overlooked.
  • Recognizes numerous error sources in isoscape development and application, emphasizing the need to avoid over-interpretation.
  • Machine learning approaches are becoming more accessible for isoscape creation with available software.

Conclusions:

  • Researchers studying provenance, mobility, and migration should develop isoscapes with appropriate resolution and consider all potential sources of error.
  • Careful consideration of sampling, analytical methods, and biological factors is essential for robust bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr isoscapes.
  • This work aims to assist researchers in creating reliable isoscapes for their specific provenance investigations.