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Characteristics of Outdoor Gym Interventions Promoting Physical Activity: A Systematic Review Toward Guiding

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This review of outdoor gym interventions found most were supervised, targeting older adults, with varied frequencies and equipment. More research is needed for scalable physical activity programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Exercise Science
  • Community Interventions

Background:

  • Global physical inactivity necessitates scalable interventions.
  • Outdoor gyms offer a promising, accessible setting for population-wide physical activity.
  • Understanding current outdoor gym intervention designs is vital for future development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze physical activity interventions conducted in outdoor gym settings.
  • To identify target populations, intervention delivery methods, and equipment used in existing studies.
  • To map program characteristics and identify gaps for future large-scale initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases (EBSCO, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science).
  • Inclusion of peer-reviewed English-language articles employing experimental pre-post designs (RCTs, single-group).
  • Focus on studies promoting physical activity specifically through outdoor gym facilities.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria; most interventions were fully supervised by exercise professionals.
  • Primary target population was older adults, with female participants often overrepresented despite equal targeting.
  • Significant variability observed in intervention dosage (frequency: fortnightly to 3x/week) and available equipment across single-location studies.

Conclusions:

  • Robust experimental trials are needed to guide the development of scalable, population-based physical activity programs.
  • This review provides valuable insights into current outdoor gym intervention characteristics for researchers and practitioners.
  • Identified gaps highlight opportunities for future research and the design of effective, large-scale public health initiatives.