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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO
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Polyporphyrin-Modified Hierarchical Framework Interface Layer Facilitates Highly Stable Microcrystallized Surface for

Qi Wang1,2, Lei Han1,2,3, Rui Pang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China.

ACS Nano
|June 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new polyindium porphyrin (POF-S) interface layer effectively suppresses zinc dendrite growth in aqueous Zn-ion batteries. This innovation enhances Zn anode stability and cycling life, paving the way for safer, more efficient batteries.

Keywords:
aqueous zinc batterycarbon nanotube spongecoaxial modificationhierarchical structuremicrocrystallized deposition

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous Zn-ion batteries offer low cost and high safety but suffer from Zn dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency.
  • These issues hinder the commercialization of promising Zn-ion battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multifunctional interface layer for Zn anodes to overcome dendrite formation and improve interfacial stability.
  • To investigate the efficacy of a polyindium porphyrin (POF-S) modified carbon nanotube sponge as a Zn anode interface layer.

Main Methods:

  • Surface modification of carbon nanotube sponge with polyindium porphyrin (POF-S).
  • Theoretical calculations and experimental validation of POF-S properties and performance.
  • Electrochemical testing of the modified Zn anode in aqueous electrolytes and full cells.

Main Results:

  • POF-S exhibits hierarchical pores and Zn affinity centers, effectively inhibiting dendrite growth and side reactions.
  • The interface layer promotes dense, microcrystallized Zn deposition (Zn(002) + Zn(101)).
  • The modified Zn anode achieved a cycling lifespan of 5000 h at 1 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2 and maintained stability at higher currents and depths.

Conclusions:

  • The POF-S interface layer significantly enhances the stability and longevity of Zn anodes in aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
  • The developed strategy offers a viable solution for commercializing high-performance and safe aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
  • POF-S@Zn//MnO2 full cells demonstrated excellent cycling stability, retaining over 120 mAh g-1 after 2200 cycles at 2 A g-1.