Kinetic Investigation by Batch Processing of Film Growth during the Electrodeposition of Titanium from Ethaline

Titanium electrodeposition as a technological advance has been out of reach due to the poor film quality obtained when using previously developed methods. This study shows that the electrodeposition of Ti is possible and feasible from the deep eutectic solvent ethaline. Moreover, this study shows through batch analysis that this deposition has temperature-dependent aspects that alter the film deposition kinetics upon modest heating. This ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic study is highlighting the more facile reduction of Ti⁴⁺ to Ti³⁺ and then to Ti²⁺ at elevated temperatures. Understanding the underlying kinetics of electrodeposition opens up new venues for the application of this important metal.