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Open Lip Schizencephaly Misdiagnosed as Paralytic Poliomyelitis in an 85-Year-Old: A Case Report

Zihan Guo1, Patricia D Scripko2, Alida M Gertz1

  • 1Wellstar Douglas Medical Center - Family Medicine Residency Program US.

Clinical Case Reports
|June 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Open lip schizencephaly presents variably, leading to misdiagnosis, as seen in a historical case initially mistaken for polio. This highlights how confirmation bias can impede accurate diagnosis, even with medical advancements.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Open lip schizencephaly exhibits diverse clinical symptoms, complicating accurate diagnosis.
  • Historical medical records indicate a case initially misdiagnosed as poliomyelitis in the 1930s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the diagnostic challenges posed by variable presentations of open lip schizencephaly.
  • To examine the potential impact of confirmation bias on clinical decision-making in historical medical cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of a historical medical record.
  • Review of diagnostic criteria and advancements in Neurology and Radiology relevant to the case.

Main Results:

  • The case was initially misdiagnosed as polio due to the variable clinical presentation of open lip schizencephaly.
  • Confirmation bias may have contributed to the persistence of the poliomyelitis diagnosis despite evolving medical knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Variable clinical presentations of schizencephaly necessitate careful diagnostic consideration.
  • Confirmation bias remains a critical factor to address in medical diagnostics to ensure accurate patient care.
Keywords:
case reportmisdiagnosisopen lip schizencephalyparalytic polio

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