[CRISPR/Cas gene editing of haematopoietic stem cells for curing primary immunodeficiency]

Primary immunodeficiencies are rare monogenic inborn errors of immunity and can involve any combination of infection, autoimmunity, inflammation, and malignancy. While increased use of whole genome sequencing has vastly improved diagnosis, curative treatment options beyond haematopoietic stem cell transplantation are still lacking behind. In this review, we present and discuss the promising avenues of CRISPR/Cas gene editing of patient stem cells for curing these diseases through homology-directed repair, base- or prime editing and delivery by nanoparticles or viral derivatives. However, technological, regulatory, and economic challenges exist on the road to safe and broad implementation of this technology for personalized medicine in the clinic.