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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

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Endocrine profile and OPU-ICSI outcomes in mares: a comparative study.

Dragos Scarlet1,2,3, Gerhard Schuler4, Eleni Malama2,3

  • 1Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Reproduction & Fertility
|June 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High progesterone (P4) levels may negatively impact equine ovum pick-up (OPU) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) success. Understanding mare hormone profiles, including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), can help predict OPU-ICSI outcomes.

Keywords:
OPU-ICSI outcomeOSFshorsesprogesterone

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Equine ovum pick-up (OPU) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) success rates show significant individual variability.
  • Hormonal factors influencing OPU-ICSI outcomes in mares are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between serum hormone concentrations in mares and the success of OPU-ICSI procedures.
  • To identify specific hormone profiles associated with low or high embryo yield.

Main Methods:

  • Serum hormone levels (GDF9, BMP15, AMH, P4, E2) were measured in 59 mares at the time of OPU.
  • Mares were retrospectively classified into low (<2 embryos) or high (≥2 or ≥3 embryos) outcome groups.
  • Hormone levels were analyzed in relation to embryo yield and other OPU parameters.

Main Results:

  • Mare age, BCS, cycle stage, or oocyte recovery rates did not affect OPU-ICSI results.
  • Mares yielding ≥3 embryos/session had lower P4 and higher AMH levels (P < 0.05).
  • A >90% likelihood of obtaining ≥2 embryos was associated with specific P4 and E2 concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • High progesterone levels may be negatively correlated with OPU-ICSI outcomes in horses.
  • AMH and steroid hormone profiles (P4, E2) show potential as predictors of OPU-ICSI success.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex hormonal influences on equine embryo production.