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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons

Bioremediation is an environmentally sustainable process that employs living organisms—primarily microorganisms—to degrade or neutralize pollutants from contaminated environments. In oil spills and hydrocarbon pollution, bioremediation involves the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to transform toxic compounds into less harmful substances. This approach leverages natural microbial metabolic processes and is considered both cost-effective and ecologically favorable compared to physical or...

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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

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The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...

Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...

Downstream Processing

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Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Published on: November 9, 2016

Current progress in the ginger oleoresin: bioactivities, extraction and encapsulation technologies.

Chen Huang¹, Heping Cui¹, Xinjing Li¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

|June 22, 2025

Summary

Ginger oleoresin, a natural plant extract, offers antioxidant and antimicrobial benefits for food products. Green extraction and encapsulation methods enhance its stability and application as a clean-label additive.

Keywords:

Clean-label product biological activities food applications safety considerations

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Published on: November 9, 2016

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale

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Published on: August 16, 2018

Author Spotlight: Eco-Friendly Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Polyol-Based Microwave-Assisted Techniques

Author Spotlight: Eco-Friendly Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Polyol-Based Microwave-Assisted Techniques

Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Food Science and Technology
Natural Product Chemistry
Sustainable Processing

Background:

Increasing consumer preference for natural, clean-label food ingredients.
Ginger oleoresin is a key plant-based extract with valuable bioactive compounds.
Applications span food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

Systematically review ginger oleoresin's functional components and biological activities.
Highlight green extraction techniques for improved efficiency and sustainability.
Discuss encapsulation strategies to enhance stability and bioavailability.

Main Methods:

Review of green extraction methods: supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and ionic liquid extraction.
Analysis of encapsulation techniques: spray drying, emulsion, and complex coacervation.
Evaluation of dose-related effects and safety considerations.

Main Results:

Green extraction methods offer sustainable and efficient ways to obtain high-quality ginger oleoresin.
Encapsulation technologies effectively address hydrophobicity and stability issues.
Ginger oleoresin demonstrates significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Conclusions:

Optimized green extraction and encapsulation are crucial for maximizing ginger oleoresin's use in food.
Ginger oleoresin serves as a versatile, natural additive for clean-label food formulations.
Comprehensive understanding of its properties and application guidelines ensures safe and effective utilization.