Encrusted Cystitis in a Child Without Predisposing Factors: A Case Report and Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Urology
• Infectious Diseases
• Uropathology

Background:

• Encrusted cystitis is a rare condition characterized by calcification of the bladder mucosa.
• It is typically observed in immunocompromised patients, those with a history of urological interventions, or post-renal transplantation.
• Pediatric cases are exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

• A six-year-old girl presented with rectal prolapse, urinary frequency, urinary stone drainage, and recurrent febrile urinary tract infections.
• Urinary culture identified Proteus mirabilis, and ultrasonography revealed bladder wall calcification, confirming encrusted cystitis.
• The patient lacked typical predisposing factors such as immunosuppression or prior urological procedures.

Findings:

• Treatment involved antibiotics and transurethral resection of bladder calcification.
• The patient's symptoms resolved following the intervention.
• This case highlights a potential association between bladder and bowel dysfunction and encrusted cystitis in children.

Implications:

• Bladder and bowel dysfunction should be considered as a potential risk factor for encrusted cystitis in the pediatric population.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology linking bladder and bowel dysfunction to encrusted cystitis.
• This case broadens the understanding of encrusted cystitis etiology in children.