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Gender-Affirmation Surgery in Denmark: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.

Dorte Glintborg1,2, Tanja Gram Petersen3, Katrine Hass Rubin3,4

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Transgender Health
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gender affirmation surgery (GAS) incidence increased significantly for transgender individuals in Denmark between 2000-2018, with reduced waiting times. Genital constructive GAS was rarely performed.

Keywords:
gender identitygenital surgeryregister basedtop surgerytransgender

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Public health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Gender affirmation surgery (GAS) involves procedures to align physical characteristics with gender identity.
  • Limited national data exist on GAS trends and outcomes.
  • Understanding GAS patterns is crucial for transgender healthcare and policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess trends in Gender Affirmation Surgery (GAS) among Danish transgender persons.
  • To analyze changes in waiting times for GAS procedures.
  • To determine the incidence of genital constructive GAS.

Main Methods:

  • A national register-based cohort study was conducted.
  • Included Danish transgender persons diagnosed with "gender identity disorder" (ICD-10) from 2000-2021.
  • Surgical procedure codes were tracked up to June 2022.

Main Results:

  • The cohort comprised 3812 transgender individuals (1993 assigned female at birth, 1819 assigned male at birth).
  • Five-year cumulative incidence of GAS increased substantially for both AFAB and AMAB individuals between 2000-2018.
  • Mean waiting times for GAS, top surgery, and genital surgery decreased over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • GAS incidence rose, and waiting times decreased for transgender persons diagnosed between 2000-2018.
  • Genital constructive GAS remains uncommon in the Danish transgender population.