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Numerical Investigation Into Bone Remodeling Around Different Co-Polymeric Swelling Bone Anchors.

Amirreza Sadighi1, Mehrangiz Taheri1, Nolan Black1

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Controlled swelling of co-polymeric bone anchors promotes bone densification, while excessive swelling causes resorption. Optimizing the swelling ratio is crucial for successful bone anchor integration and osteointegration.

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bone remodelingco‐polymeric bone anchorshygroscopic swellingin vivo experiment on sheepoverload resorption

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Co-polymeric bone anchors are used in orthopedic applications.
  • Understanding their hygro-mechanical response and bone interaction is critical for clinical success.
  • Bone remodeling is influenced by mechanical stimuli, as described by Wolff's Law.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a computational framework for simulating the hygro-mechanical response of co-polymeric bone anchors.
  • To investigate the impact of bone anchor swelling on surrounding bone remodeling.
  • To determine the optimal swelling ratio for bone densification and successful osteointegration.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a hygro-elastic finite element framework coupled with a strain-energy-density based bone remodeling model.
  • Conducted free swelling experiments with co-polymeric porous bone anchors (poly [methyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid]) at 80/20 and 90/10 ratios in bovine serum.
  • Simulated anchor swelling within bone models of varying densities and analyzed induced radial stresses.

Main Results:

  • The 90/10 composition induced radial stresses leading to favorable bone densification (17.5%-54%).
  • The 80/20 composition caused excessive swelling, inducing radial stresses exceeding 31 MPa, resulting in overload resorption, particularly in high-density bone.
  • In vivo sheep studies confirmed the computational findings regarding bone remodeling responses.

Conclusions:

  • The swelling ratio of co-polymeric bone anchors significantly influences bone remodeling.
  • Controlled swelling (e.g., 90/10 ratio) promotes beneficial bone densification.
  • Excessive swelling (e.g., 80/20 ratio) leads to detrimental overload resorption, compromising osteointegration.