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Vehicle-specific power-based emission modeling using unsupervised machine learning techniques.

Chandrashekar Chowdappa1, Pritha Chatterjee1, Digvijay S Pawar2

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, India.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|June 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Real-world emissions testing reveals Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) petrol vehicles significantly cut nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 25-90% compared to BS-IV models. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions showed minimal change.

Keywords:
Climate changeDriving conditionsEmission standardsReal-world emissionsUnsupervised techniques

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Air Quality Monitoring

Background:

  • Accurate vehicular emission assessment is vital for air quality management and policy evaluation.
  • Real-world driving conditions present complex challenges not captured by laboratory tests.
  • A gap exists in comparative emission studies between Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) and earlier emission standard vehicles in India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare emissions from BS-IV petrol, BS-IV diesel, and BS-VI petrol vehicles under diverse Indian driving conditions.
  • To develop a novel framework integrating vehicle specific power (VSP) and unsupervised learning for emission profile analysis.
  • To assess the effectiveness of BS-VI standards in reducing vehicular emissions compared to BS-IV.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) for real-world data collection.
  • Developed a novel framework combining VSP with k-means clustering for emission profile identification.
  • Compared emission characteristics of BS-IV petrol, BS-IV diesel, and BS-VI petrol vehicles across various driving scenarios.

Main Results:

  • CO2 and NOx emissions peaked during transitions from idle to minor acceleration and were lowest during idling/creeping for all vehicle types.
  • BS-VI petrol vehicles exhibited a significant reduction in NOx emissions (25-90%) compared to BS-IV petrol vehicles.
  • CO2 emission differences between BS-IV and BS-VI petrol vehicles were marginal (approximately 5%).

Conclusions:

  • BS-VI petrol vehicles demonstrate substantial NOx emission reductions in real-world Indian driving conditions.
  • The developed VSP-integrated clustering framework provides a data-driven approach to emission analysis.
  • Findings offer a decision-support tool for policymakers to promote eco-friendly driving and refine emission regulations.