Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain
Published on: March 8, 2024
Lean and Green Hand Office-Based Hand Surgery: Does it Work?
Robert Van Demark1, Vanessa Smith1, Tate Blankespoor1
1University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine.
Implementing Lean and Green surgical packs in Wide-Awake local anesthesia office-based hand surgery significantly reduces costs and waste. This approach maintains high patient safety and satisfaction, proving effective for future healthcare delivery.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Hand Surgery
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- US healthcare spending is projected to reach $5.3 trillion by 2025, representing 19.6% of GDP.
- The US healthcare industry is a major national waste producer.
- Lean and Green strategies can reduce operating room costs and waste without compromising patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction of Wide-Awake local anesthesia office-based hand surgery.
- To assess the impact of Lean and Green surgical packs on cost and waste reduction.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of 437 office-based hand surgery cases over 12 months.
- Analysis of infection rates, secondary procedures, patient satisfaction, and cost/waste savings.
- Patient surveys on procedure comparison, recommendation likelihood, and willingness to repeat.
Main Results:
- Superficial infection rate was 3.9%; no deep infections occurred.
- Secondary procedure rate was 0.2%.
- Lean and Green packs resulted in $4,650 cost savings and 2,211 lbs waste reduction.
- Patient satisfaction was high: 99% rated the experience favorably and would recommend/repeat.
Conclusions:
- Wide-Awake local anesthesia office-based hand surgery is safe, cost-effective, and highly satisfactory.
- Lean and Green surgical packs enhance cost savings and reduce waste.
- Combining these approaches is an effective strategy for future healthcare delivery.
Related Concept Videos
Hand hygiene
Hand washing...
Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated....
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps
Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury. The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

