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Introduction to Personality Psychology01:29

Introduction to Personality Psychology

18.0K
Personality encompasses a set of enduring traits and behavioral patterns that define how individuals think, feel, and interact, ultimately shaping their unique identities. The concept of personality has deep historical roots, deriving from the Latin term "persona," which means "mask." This term initially referred to the roles played by actors in ancient theater, signifying the different facets individuals display in various contexts.
Early Theories of Personality
The study of...
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Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck01:29

Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck

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Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

523
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
448
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

464
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
464
Cultural Influences on Personality01:26

Cultural Influences on Personality

368
Individualist and collectivist cultures emphasize different core values, shaping personality in distinct ways. In individualist cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, people prioritize independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies tend to promote self-focused traits, with individuals often reporting higher levels of self-esteem. In contrast, collectivist cultures, commonly found in regions like Asia, Africa, and South America, emphasize...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

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Large Language Models Demonstrate Distinct Personality Profiles.

Thomas F Heston1,2, Justin Gillette1

  • 1Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, USA.

Cureus
|June 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Large language models (LLMs) show distinct personalities, not neutral, impacting clinical use. Formal evaluation by mental health professionals is crucial before deploying these AI tools in healthcare settings.

Keywords:
ai ethicsai in mental healthai psychometricsartificial intelligence in medicinegenerative ai

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in clinical medicine for tasks like emotional support and diagnosis.
  • Assessing LLM personality expression is critical for clinical safety and therapeutic appropriateness in mental health applications.
  • This study presents the first psychometric analysis of LLM personality in a medical context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To psychometrically analyze and characterize the personality profiles of leading LLMs.
  • To evaluate personality expression using the Open Extended Jungian Type Scales (OEJTS) and the Big Five Personality Test.
  • To determine if LLMs exhibit distinct, non-neutral personality traits relevant to clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Four prominent LLMs (ChatGPT-3.5, Gemini Advanced, Claude 3 Opus, Grok-Regular Mode) were assessed in April 2024.
  • Personality profiles were characterized using the OEJTS and Big Five Personality Test.
  • A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare inter-model personality differences.

Main Results:

  • MANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in personality traits across LLMs (Wilks' Lambda = 0.115, p < 0.001).
  • Specific LLMs showed consistent typological profiles (e.g., ChatGPT-3.5 as ENTJ, Claude 3 Opus as INTJ, Gemini Advanced and Grok-Regular as INFJ).
  • LLMs differed on Big Five traits: Gemini Advanced scored lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness; Claude 3 Opus scored highest on conscientiousness and emotional stability; Grok-Regular showed high openness.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct personality profiles are consistently expressed by different LLMs, even without specific prompting.
  • These findings highlight the necessity for formal personality evaluations of LLMs in clinical settings.
  • Oversight by mental health professionals is essential prior to the deployment of LLMs in patient care.