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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing
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Pacemakers.

Omar M Aldaas1, Anne-Sophie Roberge-Lacharite1, Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.

NEJM Evidence
|June 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This review covers pacemaker basics, uses, and types for treating slow heart rhythms (bradyarrhythmias). It also explores pacemakers in heart failure, new technologies, and existing challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Bradyarrhythmias necessitate pacemaker implantation for hemodynamic stability.
  • Pacemakers are essential devices for managing slow heart rhythms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pacemaker technology.
  • To discuss current applications and future directions in cardiac pacing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pacemaker fundamentals, indications, and device classifications.
  • Analysis of the role of pacemakers in heart failure management.
  • Exploration of emerging advancements and limitations in cardiac pacing.

Main Results:

  • Pacemakers are crucial for managing various bradyarrhythmias.

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  • Different pacemaker types cater to specific patient needs.
  • Pacemakers play a significant role in improving outcomes for patients with heart failure.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pacemaker technology continues to evolve, offering improved patient outcomes.
    • Understanding pacemaker fundamentals, applications, and limitations is vital for clinicians.
    • Future advancements promise further enhancements in cardiac pacing therapies.