Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

4.8K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
4.8K
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

38.6K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
38.6K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

1.3K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
1.3K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

5.8K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.8K
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

5.5K
Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
5.5K
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

3.5K
Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tapping in Synchrony With Beat Enhances Groove Sensation.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same author

Beyond the baby schema: Objects being touched are perceived to be cute.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error.

Psychophysiology·2025
Same author

Multidimensional regularity processing in music: an examination using redundant signals effect.

Experimental brain research·2024
Same author

Decoding predicted musical notes from omitted stimulus potentials.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Effects of the cardiac cycle on auditory processing: A preregistered study on mismatch negativity.

Psychophysiology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns
09:42

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Published on: May 12, 2019

6.1K

Predicted Sensory Modality Determines the Timing and Topographies of Omitted Stimulus Potentials.

Tomomi Ishida1, Hiroshi Nittono1

  • 1Graduate School of Human Sciences, The University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan.

Psychophysiology
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Our brains predict upcoming events, and this study shows predictions are sensory-specific. Auditory omitted stimulus potentials (OSPs) were faster and differently located on the scalp than visual OSPs.

Keywords:
event‐related potentialomissionpredictionpredictive codingself‐generationsensory modality

More Related Videos

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.2K
Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns
09:42

Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns

Published on: May 12, 2019

6.1K
Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.2K
Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • The brain actively predicts future environmental events.
  • The specificity of these predictions, particularly regarding sensory modality, is not well understood.
  • Omitted stimulus potentials (OSPs) reflect prediction violations, with prior studies showing modality differences in separate blocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if sensory modality prediction influences neural responses to unexpected stimulus omissions within a single block.
  • To determine if modality-specific OSPs occur when auditory and visual stimuli are interleaved.
  • To examine the latency and scalp topography of OSPs for auditory versus visual modality predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (N=33) performed a 1-second interval button-press task.
  • Auditory and visual stimuli were presented in a fixed alternating pattern (e.g., AAVV) following each button press.
  • Stimuli were omitted in 12% of trials, with omissions equally preceded by auditory or visual stimuli to control for preceding event-related potentials.

Main Results:

  • Auditory OSPs exhibited significantly shorter peak latencies compared to visual OSPs.
  • The scalp topography of auditory OSPs was more anterior and central than that of visual OSPs.
  • These differences indicate modality-specific neural processing of prediction errors.

Conclusions:

  • Omitted stimulus potentials (OSPs) are generated in a modality-specific manner.
  • Neural responses to prediction errors are modulated by the predicted sensory modality of the upcoming stimulus.
  • This supports the hypothesis of modality-specific predictive coding in the brain.