Decoding the palliative care landscape in Nigeria: Progress, challenges, and the road ahead

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Healthcare Systems
• Palliative Care Research

Background:

• Palliative care integration in Nigeria's healthcare system is limited, primarily existing in tertiary institutions.
• Growing burden of life-limiting illnesses contrasts with underdeveloped palliative care services.
• This review explores the evolution, challenges, and future of palliative care in Nigeria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the historical evolution of palliative care in Nigeria.
• To identify key milestones and persistent challenges in palliative care implementation.
• To outline future directions for strengthening palliative care services.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review synthesizing historical records, policy documents, and literature.
• Analysis of leadership roles, institutional initiatives, and government policies.
• Identification of implementation gaps and opportunities for palliative care growth.

Main Results:

• Palliative care has progressed from grassroots efforts to structured services, marked by the establishment of HPCAN and national policies.
• Significant challenges remain, including funding deficits, workforce shortages, limited opioid availability, policy gaps, and socio-cultural barriers.
• Leadership engagement, policy advocacy, and capacity-building are vital for overcoming these obstacles.

Conclusions:

• Sustained efforts are required for full palliative care integration into Nigeria's healthcare system.
• Enhanced policy implementation, funding, workforce development, and community engagement are critical for equitable access.
• Collaboration among government, institutions, and international partners will accelerate progress in improving quality of life.