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Related Concept Videos

Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
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Motional Emf01:22

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Magnetic flux depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field, the area through which the field lines pass, and the field's orientation with respect to the surface area. If any of these quantities vary, a corresponding variation in magnetic flux occurs. If the area through which the magnetic field lines are passing changes, then the magnetic flux also changes. This change in the area can be of two types: the flux through the rectangular loop increases as it moves into the...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
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Diamagnetism01:26

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
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Exogenous chemically-driven electromagnets.

Cara Lozon1, Antoine Cornet1, Stéphane Reculusa1

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France gerardo.salinassanchez@enscbp.fr.

Chemical Science
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Researchers developed a novel chemo-electromagnet using bipolar electrochemistry and solenoid geometry. This system generates magnetic fields for controlled motion without ferromagnetic materials, enabling "chemistry on-the-fly".

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Magnetically-driven dynamic systems are crucial for applications like cargo delivery and environmental remediation.
  • Existing systems often rely on ferromagnetic components or complex electromagnetic equipment.
  • A need exists for alternative methods to achieve magnetic actuation without traditional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate an externally driven chemo-electromagnet using bipolar electrochemistry and solenoid geometry.
  • To generate magnetic fields wirelessly through redox reactions.
  • To enable magnetically-driven motion and localized chemical conversion without ferromagnetic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized exogenous bipolar electrochemistry integrated with a solenoid-shaped swimmer.
  • Triggered wireless redox reactions at the swimmer's extremities to induce an electric current.
  • Generated a concentric magnetic field along the helical path of the solenoid.
  • Applied external electric and magnetic fields to control swimmer motion.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated magnetic fields in the microtesla (μT) range, proportional to the applied electric field.
  • Demonstrated rotational motion of the swimmers in an external magnetic field due to an on-board chemically induced magnetic dipole.
  • Achieved well-defined oscillatory motion when subjected to alternating electric and magnetic fields.
  • Showcased efficient electromagnetic control over dynamic displacement.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a novel chemo-electromagnetic swimmer capable of generating its own magnetic field.
  • Enabled magnetically-driven motion and precise control without ferromagnetic materials.
  • Opened new avenues for localized chemical conversion through magnetically-driven "chemistry on-the-fly".