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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
42.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

15.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
15.0K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

122.1K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
122.1K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

73.6K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
73.6K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.0K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.9K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Eutectic-Like Ion-Conductive Phase-Incorporated Zwitterionic Covalent Organic Framework Solid Electrolyte for

Jaewoo Lee1, Jae-Hoon Shin1, Sungpyo Hong2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel zwitterionic covalent organic framework solid electrolyte that significantly enhances ionic conductivity and Li-ion transference for safer, high-performance lithium metal batteries.

Keywords:
All‐solid‐state Li metal batterycovalent organic frameworkdendrite suppressioneutectic ion channelzwitterionic solid electrolyte

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid polymer electrolytes offer enhanced safety and energy density for Li metal batteries.
  • Current limitations include low ionic conductivity and Li-ion transference number at room temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel solid polymer electrolyte with improved ionic conductivity and Li-ion transference.
  • To address the practical application challenges of solid polymer electrolytes in Li metal batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a zwitterionic covalent organic framework (PSZ-COF) with an incorporated eutectic-like ion-conductive phase.
  • Complexation of PSZ-COF with N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Pyrrol-FSI) and Li salts.
  • Characterization of ionic conductivity, Li-ion transference number, and electrochemical performance.

Main Results:

  • The eutectic PSZ-COF achieved high ionic conductivity (0.127 mS cm⁻¹) and Li-ion transference number (tLi+ = 0.62) at room temperature.
  • Demonstrated suppression of Li dendrites and formation of a protective solid electrolyte interface layer.
  • All-solid-state Li metal batteries showed excellent initial capacity (153.3 mAh g⁻¹) and 100% capacity retention over 150 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed eutectic PSZ-COF is a promising solid electrolyte for high-performance, safe all-solid-state Li metal batteries.
  • The zwitterionic structure and ordered channels facilitate efficient Li-ion transport.
  • Offers an effective strategy for advancing solid-state battery technology.