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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

42.5K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

1.9K
Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
28.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

44.8K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
44.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.7K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

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Mixed-Anion Inorganic Zn Halide Rb3ZnCl4I.

Ruifeng Liu1, Yunluo Wang1, Zesen Gao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new lead-free halide, Rb3ZnCl4I, doped with manganese. This material shows bright green photoluminescence and stable performance in white light-emitting diodes and X-ray detection applications.

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The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
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The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
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The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Lead-free halides offer a non-toxic and stable alternative for optoelectronic devices.
  • There is a continuous need for novel materials with enhanced luminescent and detection properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover and characterize a new all-inorganic lead-free halide, Rb3ZnCl4I.
  • To investigate the photoluminescent properties of Mn2+-doped Rb3ZnCl4I.
  • To evaluate the potential applications of this material in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and X-ray detection.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Rb3Zn1-xMnxCl4I single crystals.
  • Photoluminescence spectroscopy to analyze emission properties.
  • Fabrication and testing of WLED prototypes.
  • X-ray irradiation stability tests.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of Rb3ZnCl4I, a novel lead-free halide.
  • Mn2+-doped crystals exhibit intense green photoluminescence (peak at 525 nm, fwhm 52 nm).
  • Maximum photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 44.14% for x = 0.30.
  • WLED prototype achieved a color rendering index (CRI) of 84.1 and correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6491 K.
  • Stable radioluminescence intensity (90% retention after 10 min X-ray exposure).

Conclusions:

  • Rb3Zn1-xMnxCl4I is a promising lead-free material for high-quality solid-state lighting.
  • The material demonstrates excellent stability and potential for X-ray detection applications.
  • This discovery expands the family of environmentally friendly and stable metal halides for technological advancements.