Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

1.4K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
1.4K
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

36.7K
Overview
36.7K
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

4.8K
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
4.8K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

937
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
937

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Immune cells employ intermittent integrin-mediated traction forces for 3D migration.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Preclinical assessment of two FcγRI-specific antibodies that competitively inhibit immune complex-FcγRI binding to suppress autoimmune responses.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Posttranslational modifications of heterologous proteins expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Plant biotechnology journal·2025
Same author

An industrial-grade Nicotiana benthamiana line for the production of glycoproteins carrying fucose-free galactosylated N-glycans.

New biotechnology·2024
Same author

IgG1 versus IgG3: influence of antibody-specificity and allotypic variance on virus neutralization efficacy.

Frontiers in immunology·2024
Same author

Efficient Expression of Functionally Active Aflibercept with Designed N-glycans.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same journal

Characterization of Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in Lyme Borreliosis Using In-House Developed ELISAs.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Anti-Type I Interferon Autoantibodies in COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparative Review.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Improving Gallbladder Cancer Outcomes with Antibody-Based Therapies and Immunological Profiling: A Literature Review.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Shifting Paradigm of Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19 Management: From Early Triumphs to Viral Resistance and Future Perspectives.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

From Single Cells to Silicon: Emerging Technologies Transforming Monoclonal Antibody Discovery.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Validation of Cell-Based Bioassay for the Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies to Ocrelizumab in Human Serum Using Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Test in a Reporter Cell Line Expressing FcγRIIIa.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies
07:55

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

11.9K

Light Chain Isotype and Antibody-Specificity Impact on Virus Neutralization.

Lin Sun1, Roman Palt1, Georg Schütz2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic antibodies using lambda light chains (λ-Abs) are less common than kappa light chains (κ-Abs). This study found that kappa variants showed slightly higher stability and, for one antibody, increased activity against SARS-CoV-2 compared to lambda variants.

Keywords:
Fcγ-receptor bindingSARS-CoV-2kappa–lambda light chainmonoclonal antibodiesstabilityvirus neutralization

More Related Videos

A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies
04:47

A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies

Published on: February 23, 2018

7.8K
Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay
10:09

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: December 14, 2016

21.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies
07:55

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

11.9K
A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies
04:47

A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies

Published on: February 23, 2018

7.8K
Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay
10:09

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: December 14, 2016

21.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Therapeutic antibodies are crucial biologics, yet lambda light chain antibodies (λ-Abs) are underrepresented compared to kappa light chain antibodies (κ-Abs).
  • Understanding the impact of light chain isotypes on antibody function is essential for optimizing therapeutic antibody development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the expression, glycosylation, stability, antigen binding, and functional activity of SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with kappa (κ) versus lambda (λ) light chains.
  • To investigate the influence of light chain isotypes on antibody effector functions, including neutralization and immune complex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Expression of two SARS-CoV-2 mAbs (P5C3 and H4) with high and low antigen binding, respectively, as κ and λ variants in glycoengineered *Nicotiana benthamiana*.
  • Characterization of mAbs for expression levels, glycosylation, thermodynamic stability, and antigen binding affinity.
  • Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity and IgG-FcγR immune complex formation for both κ and λ variants.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in expression levels, glycosylation, or antigen binding were observed between κ and λ variants of both mAbs.
  • Kappa light chain antibodies (κ-Abs) demonstrated slightly increased thermodynamic stability compared to lambda light chain antibodies (λ-Abs).
  • The H4 κ antibody variant exhibited enhanced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and IgG-FcγR immune complex activity compared to its H4 λ counterpart, while P5C3 variants showed no difference.

Conclusions:

  • Constant light chain isotype influences antibody stability and functional activity, particularly for antibodies with lower antigen binding affinity.
  • Both light chain variability and antibody specificity are critical factors to consider when engineering therapeutic antibodies.
  • These findings highlight the importance of evaluating both kappa and lambda light chains in the development of novel antibody therapeutics.