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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Multi-Mode Coupling Enabled Broadband Coverage for Terahertz Biosensing Applications.

Dongyu Hu1, Mengya Pan1, Yanpeng Shi1,2

  • 1School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.

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|June 25, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a novel metasurface for terahertz (THz) biosensing, overcoming limitations in sensitivity and bandwidth. The new design enables miniaturized THz biosensors for advanced molecular diagnostics.

Keywords:
BIC and QBICbroadband terahertz sensinghigh quality factormultipolar hybridized modessmall angular variations

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Metamaterials
  • Biosensing Technologies
  • Terahertz (THz) Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Terahertz (THz) biosensing requires high sensitivity and broad spectral coverage, challenging for miniaturized devices.
  • Conventional quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) metasurfaces offer high quality factor (Q) but limited bandwidth.
  • Angle-scanning methods for broadband detection necessitate complex, large-angle illumination setups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a symmetry-engineered, all-dielectric metasurface for enhanced THz biosensing.
  • To overcome the trade-off between sensitivity and broadband spectral coverage in miniaturized THz devices.
  • To enable practical molecular diagnostics and multi-analyte screening using THz technology.

Main Methods:

  • Symmetry engineering of an all-dielectric metasurface to induce multipolar interference coupling.
  • Utilizing angular perturbation to transform quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) resonances.
  • Employing interference coupling between magnetic dipole (MD), toroidal dipole (TD), and magnetic quadrupole (MQ) modes.
  • Developing an analytical model based on Maxwell equations and mode coupling theory.

Main Results:

  • Achieved simultaneous 0.42 THz broadband coverage and a high quality factor (Q) of 499.
  • Induced dual counter-directional, frequency-shifted resonance branches within angular variations below 16°.
  • Validated a linear relationship between frequency splitting and incident angle with high accuracy (RRMSE 1.4%, R² 0.99).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed metasurface design overcomes critical challenges in THz biosensing.
  • This work presents a paradigm for miniaturized THz biosensors with enhanced performance.
  • The technology advances applications in practical molecular diagnostics and multi-analyte screening.