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A 3D-Printed Anatomical Pancreas Model for Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Calin Vaida1, Andra Ciocan1,2, Andrei Caprariu1

  • 1CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a 3D-printed pancreas phantom for surgical training and planning. The realistic model, featuring a hydrogel fill and vascular structures, was evaluated by surgeons and robots.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingpancreatic phantom modelpreoperative surgical planningrobotic-assisted surgical training

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging and Simulation
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • Preoperative surgical planning and training are critical for improving patient outcomes.
  • Existing surgical simulation models may lack anatomical accuracy and realistic biomechanical properties.
  • Advanced 3D printing technologies offer potential for creating patient-specific anatomical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, manufacture, and evaluate a novel 3D-printed pancreas phantom model.
  • To create a realistic and anatomically accurate model for surgical training and preoperative planning.
  • To assess the utility of the phantom model in a simulated surgical environment.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of various design and manufacturing alternatives for the pancreas phantom.
  • Utilization of photopolymerisation technology for 3D printing an elastic, transparent pancreatic shell and vascular structures.
  • Development of a custom hydrogel (gelatine, agar, glycerol) to mimic internal pancreatic tissue behavior.
  • Assessment of the phantom model by a surgical team and testing with a single-incision surgical robot (PARA-SILSROB).

Main Results:

  • A transparent, 3D-printed elastic pancreas shell was successfully manufactured.
  • A custom hydrogel was developed to fill the shell, providing anatomically realistic behavior.
  • Colored elastic vascular structures were integrated into the model.
  • The phantom model was positively assessed by the surgical team and validated using the PARA-SILSROB robot.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D-printed pancreas phantom model offers a realistic and valuable tool for surgical training and preoperative planning.
  • The combination of 3D printing technology and custom hydrogel formulation enables the creation of anatomically accurate and functionally relevant surgical phantoms.
  • Further validation and application of this phantom model in diverse surgical scenarios are warranted.