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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

33
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
33
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

29
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
29
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

23
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
23
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

41
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
41
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

36
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
36
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

71
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
71

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Research on Candida albicans Biofilm-Associated Prosthetic Joint Infections
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Cryptococcal Endocarditis in Humans-A Narrative Review.

Petros Ioannou1, Afroditi Ziogou2, Alexios Giannakodimos3

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptococcal endocarditis is rare, primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals and those with cardiac devices. High mortality necessitates early recognition and treatment for yeast infections in at-risk patients.

Keywords:
Cryptococcusfungemiainfective endocarditisvegetation

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Cryptococcus species are opportunistic fungi rarely causing infections in immunocompetent individuals.
  • Cryptococcal endocarditis, an infiltration of the endocardium, predominantly affects immunocompromised patients, those with cardiac devices, or prosthetic valves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze documented human cases of Cryptococcus spp. endocarditis.
  • To detail the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of this rare infection.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted.
  • PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies.

Main Results:

  • 16 cases of cryptococcal endocarditis were identified, with a mean age of 46.6 years and 81.25% males.
  • Immunosuppression (31.25%), end-stage renal disease, and prosthetic valves (25%) were common predisposing factors.
  • Cryptococcus neoformans was the primary pathogen (87.5%), affecting mitral and aortic valves most frequently. Mortality was high at 56.25%.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptococcus spp. can cause severe systemic infections, including endocarditis.
  • Healthcare providers must consider Cryptococcus in the differential diagnosis of yeast infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy are critical for improving outcomes in cryptococcal endocarditis.