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The Multifaceted Roles of CHROMR in Innate Immunity, Cancer, and Cholesterol Homeostasis

Emma R Blaustein1, Coen van Solingen1

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Non-Coding RNA
|June 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

CHROMR, a primate-specific long noncoding RNA, plays dual roles in cell nucleus and cytoplasm. Its dysregulation is linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and impacts immunity and cholesterol metabolism.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • CHROMR is a primate-specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA).
  • Elevated CHROMR levels correlate with poor outcomes in cardiovascular disease and cancer.
  • lncRNAs exhibit diverse functions based on subcellular localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of CHROMR.
  • To explore CHROMR's functions in cholesterol metabolism, innate immunity, and cancer.
  • To investigate mechanisms regulating CHROMR expression and localization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CHROMR.
  • Analysis of CHROMR's nuclear and cytoplasmic functions.
  • Exploration of regulatory networks impacting CHROMR.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear CHROMR activates antiviral immunity by sequestering repressors.
  • Cytoplasmic CHROMR affects cholesterol efflux and cell cycle via microRNA inhibition.
  • CHROMR influences reverse cholesterol transport, HDL biogenesis, and tumor growth.

Conclusions:

  • CHROMR exhibits versatile functions dependent on its subcellular location.
  • Understanding CHROMR regulation is key to its therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
  • CHROMR represents a promising target for cardiovascular disease and cancer therapies.

Keywords:
CHROMRcancercholesterol metabolisminnate immunitylong noncoding RNA

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